Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of eye and vision disorders. Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in comprehensive eye care, providing services ranging from routine vision exams to complex surgical procedures. Common conditions they treat include cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and refractive errors such as nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism.

Ophthalmologists use advanced diagnostic tools like slit-lamp examinations, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and visual field tests to assess the health of the eye and detect abnormalities. They are also trained in surgical procedures, including cataract removal, laser eye surgery, and corrective surgeries for retinal detachments or corneal issues.

In addition to treating eye diseases, ophthalmologists prescribe glasses, contact lenses, and medications to help patients achieve optimal vision. They may collaborate with optometrists and opticians, especially in cases involving routine vision correction.

Preventive eye care is a key focus, especially for patients with chronic conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure that can affect vision. Regular eye exams are crucial for detecting early signs of diseases that could lead to vision loss. Ophthalmologists play an essential role in preserving and improving eyesight, enhancing patients’ quality of life.