Pulmonology is the medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases affecting the respiratory system, including the lungs, airways, and respiratory muscles. Pulmonologists treat a variety of conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, tuberculosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. They also manage critical issues like respiratory failure and sleep-related breathing disorders such as sleep apnea.

Pulmonologists use diagnostic tools like chest X-rays, CT scans, pulmonary function tests, and bronchoscopy to assess lung function and identify abnormalities in the respiratory system. These tests help evaluate conditions like obstructed airways, lung inflammation, and infections. Treatment approaches vary, ranging from medications like bronchodilators and corticosteroids to supplemental oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation for severe cases.

Chronic conditions like asthma and COPD require ongoing management, often involving inhalers, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring. Pulmonologists also play a key role in managing smoking-related lung diseases, offering counseling and treatment options for smoking cessation.

In addition to treating diseases, pulmonologists focus on preventive care by educating patients on avoiding respiratory infections, managing allergies, and maintaining lung health through regular exercise and avoiding pollutants. Pulmonology is essential for improving patients’ quality of life and long-term respiratory health.